Chapter category: Adhesion Molecules
Structure and Activation of b2 - Integrins
I Domains in Integrins
Edited by: Donald GullbergISBN: 0-306-47836-6
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Chapter authors:
Carl G. Gahmberg and Susanna Fagerholm
Cellular adhesion is essential for several leukocyte functions. A number of adhesion molecules are involved in various adhesive events, but perhaps the most important are the leukocyte specific b2-integrins (CD11/CD18). Recent work has explored integrin structure and the basis for ligand binding in considerable detail. The integrins are normally in an inactive state and need activation for ligand binding. The molecular mechanisms for activation are still incompletely understood, but intracellular signaling by protein kinases and phosphatases are certainly involved in regulation of integrin activity. Therefore we have extensively studied the phosphorylation of the b2-integrins, mapped the phosphorylation sites and studied the functional significance of phosphorylation. Activated integrins bind to intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAM) and certain soluble proteins. The molecular basis for this is discussed.
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