Chapter category: Agricultural Biotechnology
Control of Phytophagous Insect Pests Using Serine Proteinase Inhibitors
Recombinant Protease Inhibitors in Plants
Edited by: Dominique MichaudISBN: 1-58706-007-8
» Get more information about this book at landesbioscience.com «
Chapter authors:
John A. Gatehouse, Angharad M.R. Gatehouse and David P. Bown
The role of proteinase inhibitors (PIs) in plant defense against predators and pathogens is now well established. Although diverse endogenous functions for these proteins have been proposed, ranging from regulators of endogenous proteinases to storage proteins, evidence for many of the roles is partial, or confined to isolated examples. On the other hand, many PIs have been shown to act as defensive compounds by direct assay or by expression in transgenic plants, and a body of evidence consistent with their role in plant defense has been accumulated. The case for serine PIs as defensive compounds against predators is particularly clearcut, since the major proteinases present in plants, used for processes such as protein mobilization in storage tissues, contain a cysteine residue as the catalytically active nucleophile in the enzyme active site. Serine proteinases are apparently not used by plants in processes involving largescale protein digestion, and thus the presence of significant quantities of inhibitors with specificity towards these enzymes in plants cannot be for the purposes of regulating endogenous proteinase activity. In contrast, a major role for serine PIs in animals seems to be to block the activity of endogenous proteinases in tissues where this activity would be harmful, as is the case with the pancreatic trypsin inhibitors found in mammals. The presence of significant amounts of serine PIs in plant tissues therefore suggests not an endogenous role, either protective or regulatory, but instead suggests that the targets of these inhibitors are the digestive proteinases of phytophagous animals.
Additional chapters from this book:
Appendix III. Tertiary Structures of Proteases and Protease Inhibitors Available in the Brookhaven and National Laboratory Protein Data Bank
France Brunelle and Dominique Michaud
Appendix II. Plant Protease Inhibitors: Availabe mRNA Sequences
Binh Nguyen-Quoc
The GenBank Database was searched with the Wisconsin Package, Version 9.1 (Madison Genetics Computer Group, Madison WI), using the following keywords: protease inhibitor, proteinase inhibitor,...
Appendix I. Substrates and Inhibitors Useful in Protease Characterization
France Brunelle and Dominique Michaud
substrate a chromogenic or fluorogenic nature useful in subsequent quantitation of hydrolytic activity. Based on the position of the substituent(s), synthetic substrates may be classified in t...
Protease Inhibitors in Food Processing
Fernando L. García-Carreño, Haejung An and Norman F. Haard
Food technology is a marketdriven activity. The current generation of food technologists is looking for added value for the consumer, better profit margins, and more efficient utilization of r...
Proteinase Inhibitors in Health and Disease Control—Medical and Industrial Aspects
Michiel F.J. Blankenvoorde, Henk S. Brand, Yvonne M.C. Henskens, Enno C.I. Veerman and Arie V. Nieuw Amerongen
Proteolytic enzymes are involved in numerous physiological processes in man including food digestion, tissue remodelling, host defense, blood coagulation and the activation of proenzymes and p...
Expression of Protease Inhibitor in Sweetpotato
Dapeng Zhang, Giselle Cipriani, Isabelle Rety, Ali Golmirzae, Nicole Smit and Dominique Michaud
Sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas L. (Lam.)] is a dicotyledenous plant belonging to the family Convolvulaceae, the morning glory family.1 Among food crops of the world,...
Expression of Protease Inhibitors in Potato
Conrad Cloutier and Dominique Michaud
Potato crops are produced worldwide with an estimated production of 18 M ha in 148 countries (FAO, http://www.fao.org). Potato ranks number 4 as a plant cultivated for human food production, w...
Using Protease Proregions as Regulators of Insect Digestive Proteinases
Mark A.J. Taylor
In order to maintain their rapid growth, the larvae of many insect pests need to feed nearly continuously and have very efficient digestive enzymes. Insect digestive proteinases are often targ...
Engineering Protease Inhibitors by Phage Display
Jules Beekwilder and Maarten Jongsma
Recent literature on the use of protease inhibitors (PIs) for pest control has made it clear that insects are well adapted to cope with a large range of these inhibitors. They have evolved pro...
Using Natural and Modified Protease Inhibitors
Dominique Michaud and Binh Nguyen-Quoc
Considering the high complexity of protease/inhibitor interactions in hostpest systems and the diversity of proteolytic enzymes used by pests and pathogens to hydrolyze dietary proteins or to ...
Multiple Protease/Inhibitor Interactions in Plant-Pest Systems
Savita Visal-Shah, France Brunelle and Dominique Michaud
Recent advances in the field of protease inhibitor (PI)-based control of pests and pathogens revealed the high complexity of protease/inhibitor interactions in hostpest systems.15 S...
Interference of Protease Inhibitors on Non-Target Organisms
Louise A. Malone and Elisabeth P.J. Burgess
When plants are genetically modi- fied with proteinase inhibitor (PI)-encoding genes, the intended targets for these PIs are either herbivorous pests or pathogenic microorganisms attacking the...
The Response of Insects to Dietary Protease Inhibitors
Roxanne M. Broadway
One of the most important determinants for the successful use of recombinant proteinase inhibitors (PIs) against herbivorous insects is the selection of appropriate PIs. There are four classes...
Regulation of Plant Defense Against Herbivorous Pests
Hisashi Koiwa, Ray A. Bressan and Paul M. Hasegawa
It is estimated that potential crop yield is reduced by about 40% because of dam age or competition from arthropods, nematodes, diseases and weeds. Herbivorous pests such as insects, mites and...
The Control of Plant Pathogens with Protease Inhibitors: A Realistic Approach?
Stephen Gleddie and Dominique Michaud
Plant pathogens contribute significantly to the yield losses suffered by producers and growers of numerous horticultural and field crops worldwide. Controlling plant pathogens by the use of pe...
Recombinant Protease Inhibitors as Management Tools to Suppress Parasitic Nematodes
Thierry Vrain
Nematodes are the most successful multicellular form of animal life on earth. They colonize all trophic milieux with enough water to sustain their aquatic origin, the bottom of the seas, river...
Cystatin-Based Control of Insects, with Special Reference to Oryzacystatin
Soichi Arai and Kaiko Abe
Cystatins were initially defined as proteins that specifically inhibit cysteine proteinases in general,1 but this understanding has recently undergone certain changes. Recent advanc...
Control of Phytophagous Insect Pests Using Serine Proteinase Inhibitors
John A. Gatehouse, Angharad M.R. Gatehouse and David P. Bown
The role of proteinase inhibitors (PIs) in plant defense against predators and pathogens is now well established. Although diverse endogenous functions for these proteins have been proposed, r...
Protease/Inhibitor Interactions in Plant-Pest Systems: A Brief Overview
Dominique Michaud
The metabolism of any living cell depends on proteolysis. Proteases, which form a diverse group of enzymes capable of cleaving peptide bonds, are implicated in various essential processes rang...
