Chapter category: Heart
Intracellular Signaling Through Protein Kinases in Cardiac Mechanotransduction
Cardiac Mechanotransduction
Edited by: Matti Weckstrom and Pasi TaviISBN: 978-0-387-48867-7
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Chapter authors:
Peter H. Sugden
There is good evidence that stress-induced deformation of the cardiac myocyte can activate intracellular signaling pathways, though how this is brought about is still partly a mystery, some clues being provided by the present volume of reviews. The activation of these signaling pathways is thought to be instrumental in producing the changes in myocyte morphology, sarcomerogenesis, and gene expression that occur during hypertrophic growth. Reversible protein phosphorylation and dephosphosphorylation control a wide range biological responses, and hypertrophic growth is no exception. Specifically, there is evidence of a role for lipid-based signaling and protein kinase C in strain-induced signaling events. Activation of protein kinase C is probably instrumental in activating the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 cascade. However, other protein kinases are activated by strain: these included stress-activated protein kinases (c-Jun N-terminal kinases, p38-mitogen-activated protein kinases) and the Janus activated kinases. Apart from these, there is also evidence that the extracellular matrix, focal adhesion-based signaling and activation of the focal adhesion kinase may play a role in the response of myocytes to strain. The myocyte probably integrates the myriad messages from a variety of signaling pathways and this determines the overall biological response.
Additional chapters from this book:
Mechanotransduction of the Endocrine Heart Paracrine and Intracellular Regulation of B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Synthesis
Sampsa Pikkarainen, Heikki Tokola and Heikki Ruskoaho
Cardiac overload initiates a process, which aims to maintain and adapt cardiovascular system to altered hemodynamics. In adults, myocardial mass increases mainly due to enlargement of individual...
Intracellular Signaling Through Protein Kinases in Cardiac Mechanotransduction
Peter H. Sugden
There is good evidence that stress-induced deformation of the cardiac myocyte can activate intracellular signaling pathways, though how this is brought about is still partly a mystery, some clues bein...
Mechanoelectric Transduction/Feedback: Physiology and Pathophysiology
Max J. Lab
Cardiac “mechanotransduction” involves various physiological and biophysical phenomena in which mechanical energy is transduced to changes in function of cardiac myocytes and of the whole heart. In th...
The Role of Adrenoceptors in Mechanotransduction
Klaus-Dieter Schlüter,* Hans Michael Piper and Sibylle Wenzel
Adrenoceptors are a large family of seven membrane spanning G-protein coupled receptors involved in many regulatory processes of the heart. Under conditions of mechanical load to heart, i.e., pressure...
Second Messenger Systems Involved in Heart Mechanotransduction
Hiroshi Hasegawa, Hiroyuki Takano, Yunzeng Zou, Hiroshi Akazawa and Issei Komuro
Mechanical stress can be considered one of the major stimuli that evoke hypertrophic responses including reprogramming of gene expression in cardiac myocytes. Therefore, it is important to understand ...
Cardiac Remodeling and Heart Failure
Jeffrey H. Omens*, Andrew D. McCulloch and Ilka Lorenzen-Schmidt
Mechanotransduction is the process by which the cells of the heart convert mechanical signals to chemical signals responsible for cellular adaptation and remodeling. When this system cannot meet the...
The Role of the Sarcomere and Cytoskeleton in Cardiac Mechanotransduction
Sarah C. Calaghan and Ed White
The basic contractile unit of the cardiac myocyte is the sarcomere. Force develops as a result of the interaction of myosin heads with the actin thin filament. Actin filaments are directly connected...
Origin of Mechanotransduction: Stretch-Activated Ion Channels
Clive M. Baumgarten
Stretch-activated ion channels (SAC) serve as cardiac mechanotransducers. Mechanical stretch of intact tissue, isolated myocytes, or membrane patches rapidly elicits the open ing of poorly selective...
The Mechanosensory Heart: A Multidisciplinary Approach
Matti Weckström and Pasi Tavi
The cardiac muscle has an intrinsic ability to sense its filling state and react to its changes, independently of cardiac innervation that may partially serve the same functions. This ability, i...
