Chapter category: Oncology
Conformation and Supramolecular Structure of Lipid A
Lipid A in Cancer Therapy
Edited by: Jean-François JeanninISBN: TBA
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Chapter authors:
Klaus Brandenburg and Ulrich Seydel
In recent years, lipid A as ‘endotoxic principle’ of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and derivatives thereof have become increasingly important in the field of biomedical application such as for vaccination or as therapeutical, e.g., anti‑tumor agent. For an understanding of these biological processes, however, a basic physicochemical characterization of lipid A and lipid A‑like structures is a necessary prerequsite. This includes the determination of parameters like critical micellar concentration, the type of aggregate structure, the molecular conformation, the gel to liquid crystalline phase behaviour, and theoretical approaches like molecular modelling. In this chapter, data from literature are summarized showing that the unusual chemical structure of lipid A‑type molecules is connected with a very complex structural polymorphism, which is sensitively dependent on the particular chemical primary structure, particular on the acylation pattern and on the number of phosphate groups at the diglucosamine backbone.
Additional chapters from this book:
Conformation and Supramolecular Structure of Lipid A
Klaus Brandenburg and Ulrich Seydel
In recent years, lipid A as ‘endotoxic principle’ of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and derivatives thereof have become increasingly important in the field of biomedical application such as for va...
Interactions between Lipid A and Serum Proteins
Jörg Andrä, Thomas Gutsmann, Mareike Müller and Andra B. Schromm
Entry of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or lipid A) into the blood stream is causative for the emergence of sepsis and septic shock with all its pathophysiological consequences.1 Serum contains a...
The Lipid A Receptor
Kiyoshi Takeda
The lipid A receptor consists of several subunits. Lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) is a serum protein facilitating association of lipid A with CD14. The Lipid A-LBP-CD14 complex is further de...
Lipid A in Cancer Therapies Preclinical Results
Daniéle Reisser
Studies in animal models showed that the antitumoral effect of LPS and of their biologically active moiety, lipid A, is indirect and relies on the induction of an immune response both innate and speci...
Monophosphoryl Lipid A (MPL) as an Adjuvant for Anti‑Cancer Vaccines: Clinical Results
Christopher W. Cluff
A variety of vaccines designed for cancer immunotherapy have been tested in clinical trials for more than two decades. Investigators realized early on that addition of adjuvants to cancer vaccines wou...
Antitumoral Effects of Lipids A, Clinical Studies
Marc Bardou and Daniéle Reisser
Cancer remains the second leading cause of death, after cardiovascular diseases, in industrialized countries. The first goal to achieve is to prevent cancer occurrence or to diagnose it at an early an...
Lipid A-Mediated Tolerance and Cancer Therapy
Cheryl E. Rockwell, David. C. Morrison and Nilofer Qureshi
The occurrence of tolerance or host unresponsiveness in animals and humans administered multiple doses of microbe or microbial products has long been recognized by scientists and physicians with publi...
Lipid A Receptor TLR4‑Mediated Signaling Pathways
Masahiro Yamamoto and Shizuo Akira
Lipid A is a strong activator of monocytes to release immune stimulators such as proinflammatory cytokines. Overproduction of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF and IL‑6 is known to cause septic...
Structure and Synthesis of Lipid A
Shoichi Kusumoto, Masahito Hashimoto and Kazuyoshi Kawahara
Lipid A is the lipophilic partial structure of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is a characteristic and essential component of the cell surface architecture of Gram negative bacteria. LPS con...
