Other Experimental Therapeutic Strategies: Hepatocyte Transplantation

Helene Lilja, Nikolaos Arkadopoulos, Susumu Eguchi

Transplantation of hepatocytes, injection of various hepatocyte extracts and hepatocyte culture supernatants, have been shown to prolong survival in animals with D,(+)–galactosamine
...

Other Experimental Therapeutic Strategies: Liver Gene Therapy

Jacek Rozga, Helen Lilja, Walid Arnaout, Achilles A. Demetriou

Somatic human gene therapy has been a topic of surging interest during the last several years. Initial results of experiments altering transformed cell lines to produce foreign gene product...

Development of a Strategy for Management of Severe Acute Liver Failure: The Liver Support Unit

Achilles A. Demetriou, Frederick D. Watanabe

As we have repeatedly emphasized throughout this monograph, severe acute liver failure (SALF) is associated with very high morbidity and mortality and represents one of the most challenging pr...

Clinical Use of a Bioartificial Liver to Treat Acetaminophen-Induced Fulminant Hepatic Failure

Olivier Detry, Nikolaos Arkadopoulos, Elaine Kahaku, Frederick D. Watanabe, Jacek Rozga, Achilles A. Demetriou

Acetaminophen toxicity may cause massive hepatocellular necrosis leading to fulminant hepatic failure (FHF).^1,2 In acetaminophen-induced FHF patients, prognosis can be accurately...

Clinical Experience with a Bioartificial Liver

Frederick D. Watanabe, Elaine Kahaku, Theodore Khalili, Paul Ting, Anthony, Anthony Navarro, Achilles A. Demetriou

In spite of substantial advances in general supportive therapy and critical care, mortality in fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) remains unacceptably high, due primarily to incomplete underst...

Liver Support System Development

Jacek Rozga, Kyung.S. Suh, Helene Lilja, Walid S. Arnaout, Achilles A. Demetriou

For many years it has been assumed that the majority of toxins which cause coma in hepatic failure are small dialyzable molecules. As a result, most liver support systems and therapeutic regim...

Surgical Management of Acute Liver Failure

Walid S. Arnaout, David Reybould

Fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) continues to be one of the most devastating conditions affecting thousands of individuals each year. By definition, these are patients who were previously he...

Medical Management of Acute Liver Failure

Frederick D. Watanabe, Elaine Kahaku, Achilles A. Demetriou

Despite advances in critical care management, prognosis in fulminant liver failure (FHF) remains poor, with mortality between 70 and 90%.¹ Introduction of orthotopic liver transplan...

Acute Hepatic Encephalopathy: Treatment

Olivier Detry, Jody E. Margulies, Nicholas Arkadopoulos, Achilles A. Demetriou

Intracranial hypertension secondary to brain edema is the most common cause of death in fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) patients, even when they are listed for urgent orthotopic liver transpla...

Acute Hepatic Encephalopathy: Pathophysiology and Diagnosis

Steven D. Colquhoun, Caroline A. Connelly

Hepatic encephalopathy is a neuropsychiatric syndrome that refers to potentially reversible derangement of thought and behavior which accompany liver disease.¹ Although there may be...

Acute Liver Failure: Definitions and Etiology

Donna E. Goldman, Graham M. Woolf

In the United States, there are approximately 2000 cases/year of acute hepatic failure (AHF) in adults and children.¹ The term "fulminant hepatitis" was introduced by Lucke and Mall...

The Liver: A Brief Historical Perspective

Elaine Kahaku

The United Nations has recommended standardized dating using BCE, for 'before the common era', instead of BC and CE, for 'common era', instead of AD.

Throughout history, man has strive...