Chapter category: Gastroenterology
Cryptosporidium and Bile Duct Injury
The Pathophysiology of Biliary Epithelia
Edited by: Gianfranco Alpini, Domenico Alvaro, Marco Marzioni, Gene LeSage and Nicholas LaRussoISBN: 1-58706-171-6
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Chapter authors:
Xian-Ming Chen and Nicholas F. LaRusso
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Additional chapters from this book:
Functional Heterogeneity of the Intrahepatic Biliary Epithelium
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In this book chapter, we discuss the latest findings related to the concept that the bile duct system is heterogeneous regarding: (i) morphological characteristics; (ii) physiological response to ga...
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Medical management of vanishing bile duct syndrome (VBDS) should be aimed at treating both the underlying disease and symptoms or complications of long-standing cholestasis. For the treatment of pru...
Drug-Induced Vanishing Bile Duct Syndromes
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Various drugs have been implicated in the development of a particular form of liver damage, predominantly involving the bile ducts. Bile duct damage can be mild, but can also result in progressive d...
In Vitro Systems for the Study of the Intrahepatic Biliary Epithelium
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The intrahepatic biliary epithelium is a simple epithelium (each cell is in contact with a basement membrane) that until relatively recently was thought to function solely as an inert lining to the ...
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Cytosolic Ca2+ is an important second messenger in virtually all cells and tissues. Ca2+ regulates a range of cell functions, from contraction to secretion to gene expression. Moreover, Ca2+ is able...
Hormonal Regulation of Cholangiocyte Secretion
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Bile-duct injury, or cholangiopathy, observed in hepatic graft versus host disease (GVHD) is regarded as an immune-mediated injury, although its precise mechanism is unclear. However, recent stu...
Ultrastructural Analysis of the Intrahepatic Bile Duct System
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The structure of the peribiliary plexus (PBP) in the normal liver has been the subject of a number of studies using both light microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy observations. The PBP,...
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The concept of extracellular nucleotides as regulatory molecules is not new; Burnstock first advanced it in the 1950’s.1-3 However, this idea did not gain widespread accep tance until distinct nu...
Effects of Cytokines and Nitric Oxide on Bicarbonate Secretion by Cholangiocytes
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The hallmark of cholangiopathies (i.e., diseases of the intrahepatic biliary ducts) is a chronic progressive cholestasis. Cytokines and other inflammatory mediators play a central role in the pa...
Cytokine Regulation of Cholangiocyte Growth
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Cytokines are mediator molecules which coordinate communication between different cell types and tissues. Recent studies have shown that cholangiocytes can produce as well as respond to cytokine...
Mouse Knockout Models of Biliary Epithelial Cell Formation and Disease
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Ursodeoxycholic Acid Treatment of Vanishing Bile Duct Syndromes
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Vanishing bile duct syndromes (VBDS) are characterized by progressive destruction of intrahepatic and sometimes extrahepatic branches of the biliary tree. A common symp- tom of all VBDS is chroni...
Liver Transplantation for Adult Vanishing Bile Duct Syndromes
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Liver transplantation (LTx) is nowadays an established treatment which has revolution ized the care of patients with end-stage chronic liver diseases. Thousands of patients with a life expectancy...
Participation of Cytokines and Growth Factors in Biliary Epithelial Proliferation and Mito-inhibition During Ductular Reactions
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Hepatic reactions to injury are an attempt to maintain functionality and regain homeo stasis while adapting to a change in the liver environment. Most reactions involve proliferation and apoptosi...
Biliary Atresia
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Extrahepatic biliary atresia is a disorder of infancy in which there is obliteration of the hepatic or common bile ducts resulting in irreversible end-stage obstructive liver dis ease. Hepatic po...
ABC Transporters, Organic Solute Carriers and Drug Metabolising Enzymes in Bile Duct Epithelial Cells
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The sodium-dependent bile salt transporter ASBT in the apical domain of cholangiocytes allows the reabsorption of bile salts in intrahepatic bile ducts. MRP3, a transporter of glucuronide-conjug...
Estrogen Regulation of Cholangiocyte Proliferation
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Recent data demonstrate that estrogens and their receptors play an important role in modulating cholangiocyte proliferation. Rat cholangiocytes, in fact, express estrogen receptors (ER)-a and -b...
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Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is an autoimmune liver disease that predominantly affects women and characterized by chronic progressive destruction of small intrahepatic bile ducts with portal ...
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Cryptosporidium and Bile Duct Injury
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Cryptosporidium causes selflimited diarrhea in immunocompetent subjects and potentially life-threatening syndromes in immunocompromised individuals, primarily those with acquired...
Aquaporin-Mediated Water Transport in Intrahepatic Bile Duct Epithelial Cells
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Cholangiocytes, the epithelial cells that line the intrahepatic bile ducts, express water channel proteins [i.e., aquaporins (AQPs)], which are increasingly recognized to be important in ducta...
Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of the Rat Intrahepatic Biliary Tree: Physiological Implications
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The intrahepatic biliary tree is a major target of a diverse group of hepatobiliary diseases, the cholangiopathies, which preferentially involve specific anatomical portions or segments of the...
Regulation of Secretion in Human Gallbladder Epithelial Cells
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The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile between meals. Fluid secretion prevents the stagnation of bile salts after feeding, while mucins secreted in the gallbladder ensure cytoprotection....
Apoptosis of Biliary Epithelial Cells
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Apoptosis, or programmed cell death is a regulated event, which plays a major role in maintaining homeostasis in the biliary epithelium. The disruption of normal apoptotic pathways can result ...
