Biotechnology
Chapters
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Jean-Luc Thomas
With the aim of Drosophila transgenesis the use of the transposable P element was the breakthrough for a new age of molecular genetic research in insects biology.1 The concern of experimentators was to identify the transgenic individuals quite easily as much as possible using vital screening mar...
A General Survey of Patents in the Field of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers
Jeffrey B. McIntyre1
This chapter presents a nonexhaustive survey of the types of subject matter for which patent protection has been sought in the field of molecularly imprinted polymers. First, a brief discussion of patents and their practical significance to corporations and universities conducting research and de...
A New Generation of Chemical Sensors Based on MIPs
Sergey Piletsky and Anthony Turner
Molecular imprinting is a generic technology for the introduction of recognition prop erties into synthetic polymers. Over the last two decades, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have become a focus of interest for scientists engaged in the development of biological and chemical sensors. This...
A New Generation of Chemical Sensors Based on MIPs
Sergey Piletsky and Anthony Turner
Molecular imprinting is a generic technology for the introduction of recognition properties into synthetic polymers. Over the last two decades, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have become a focus of interest for scientists engaged in the development of biological and chemical sensors. This ...
Analyzing DNA‑Protein Interactions on a Chip
Limin Lin and James P. Brody
Gene expression is regulated by multi‑protein complexes binding to short noncoding regions of genomic DNA, called cis‑regulatory elements. A long‑term goal of genomics is to identify and annotate all essential elements of the genome. Most coding elements of the genome have been ide...
Applications of Bacterial Ghosts in Biomedicine
Petra Lubitz, Ulrike Beate Mayr and Werner Lubitz
Bacterial Ghosts (BG) are empty cell envelopes of Gram‑negative bacteria which have been produced by E‑mediated lysis. BG are devoid of cytoplasmic content and in combination with the expression of the nuclease SNUC, BG are also devoid of chromosomal and plasmid DNA. Proof of concept and...
Beyond Microtechnology—Nanotechnology in Molecular Diagnosis
Paolo Fortina, Joseph Wang, Saul Surrey, Jason Y. Park and Larry J. Kricka
Advances in technology have led to significant improvements in our ability to detect and diagnose disease. In particular, the advent of nucleic acid technology has allowed unparalleled insight into the genetic basis of disease and a highly specific means to detect and diagnose infectious disease. A ...
Bioimprinting
Claudio Baggiani, Cristina Giovannoli
Besides main stream, molecular imprinting based on man-made synthetic polymers or silica-imprinted materials, proteins too can be considered as building blocks to prepare artificial molecular recognition systems. The technique of bioimprinting is based on reversible changes in the three dimension...
Biotechnology's Seminal Issue: The "Product vs. Process" Controversy
Henry I. Miller
Headlines in scientific journals and popular media trumpetedthe arrival of the "biological revolution" and the transformation of research, industries and consumer products in ways never thought possible. Bacteria as factories, "genetically engineered" organis...
Business Models for the Commercialisation of MIPs
Peter Leverkus
A high priority for today’s researcher is the need to extract commercial value from a new technology – and MIPs (Molecularly Imprinted Polymers) are no exception to the rule. It is essential to understand that a technology is only of value when used in a specific application, in a market segment,...
Carbon Nanostructures as a New High-Performance Platform for MR Molecular Imaging
Keith B. Hartman and Lon J. Wilson
Over the last several years, great interest has developed in the potential use of carbon nanostructures (C60 fullerenes and nanotubes) in medicine. In some cases, medical agents derived from these materials have demonstrated greater efficacy than existing clinical agents in many imaging and therapeu...
Chemical Vapor Deposition of Silica Overlayer Using an Organic Molecule As Template on Metal Oxide Surface: Application to Molecular Sieving Sensor and Adsorbent
Naonobu Katada and Miki Niwa
Recent progress is reviewed on the studies carried out to design a reaction field on surfaces consisting purely of metal oxides. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of silicon alkoxide, using a molecule as a template, formed a silica overlayer on a weakly basic metal oxide surface with molecular siev...
Chip‑Based Genotyping by Mass Spectrometry
Kai Tang
DNA analysis by mass spectrometry has the advantage of being the most accurate method for genotyping. Since the mass of molecular ions is measured and each allele has its own intrinsic mass, this method provides direct readout of allele types without the need for any labeling. Coupled with different...
Conotoxin Venom Peptide Therapeutics
Richard J. Lewis
Venom peptides offer enormous opportunity for the discovery of peptide drug leads. This review focusses on the potential of cone snails that have developed arrays of small peptides as part of highly evolved venoms used for prey capture and defence. Many of these peptides selectively modulate ion cha...
Current Approaches for Engineering Proteins with Diverse Biological Properties
Isaac T.S. Li, Elizabeth Pham and Kevin Truong
In the past two decades, protein engineering has advanced significantly with the emergence of new chemical and genetic approaches. Modification and recombination of existing proteins not only produced novel enzymes used commercially and in research laboratories, but furthermore, they revealed the me...
Degradation of Keratin and Collagen Containing Wastes by Enzyme Mixtures Produced by Newly Isolated Thermophylic Actinomycetes
Diana Braikova, Evgenia Vasileva-Tonkova, Adriana Gushterova and Peter Nedkov
Thermophilic actinomycetes isolated from Bulgarian and Antarctic soils were investigated for production of collagenolytic and keratinolytic enzymes during growth on keratin- and collagen‑containing wastes used as a sole carbon source. Strains Microbispora sp. A‑35 and Thermoactinomyces s...
Dendrimer 101
Lajos P. Balogh
In this chapter dendrimer basics are reviewed. It is impossible to describe, refer to or even list the related literature (our “dendrimer” database consists of over 7,000 papers and patents), thus selection of references has been made based on personal preference, often choosing clarity over details...
Enzyme Applications in Leather Processing: Current Scenario and Future Outlook
Palanisamy Thanikaivelan, Jonnalagadda Raghava Rao, Balachandran Unni Nair and Thirumalachari Ramasami
Global leather industry is undergoing paradigm shift from chemical to bio‑based leather making to meet the growing environmental challenges. A short appraisal on the use of enzymes in current leather processing has been presented. Although enzymes find use in many areas of leather processing, ...
Enzyme Catalysis in Fine Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industries
Ganapati D. Yadav, Ashwini D. Sajgure and Shrikant B. Dhoot
Biotechnology is being increasingly adopted by several chemical companies to improve manufacturing sustainability and profitability as regards energy consumption and feed stock access as well as the production of high-value chemicals.1,2 Industrial biotranformations generally center around natural c...
Fluorescent Nanoparticle for Bacteria and DNA Detection
Wenjun Zhao, Lin Wang and Weihong Tan
Using bioconjugated dye-doped silica nanoparticles (NPs), we have developed a bioassay for the accurate determination of a single bacterial cell within 20 minutes without any signal amplification or sample enrichment. The antibody-conjugated NPs can specifically and quantitatively detect bacteria, s...
Food Manufacture
Katalin Belafi-Bako
A summary on the role and functions of enzymes and enzyme mixtures in food processing technologies (dairy and meat industry, fish processing, baking, starch and sugar industry, production of beverages and fruit juices, and fat and oil processing), in biosynthesis of food additives (surfactants, flav...
Hydrogen Fuel Production by Transgenic Microalgae
Anastasios Melis, Michael Seibert and Maria L. Ghirardi
This chapter summarizes the state-of-art in the field of green algal H2-production and examines physiological and genetic engineering approaches by which to improve the hydrogen metabolism characteristics of these microalgae. Included in this chapter are emerging topics pertaining to the application...
Immune Interventions of Human Diseases through Toll-Like Receptors
Cevayir Coban, Ken J. Ishii and Shizuo Akira
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the immune sensors for infections, triggering robust innate immune activation followed by protective adaptive immunity against various infectious diseases. Recent evidence, however, has suggested that TLRs are involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including no...
Immune Modulators with Defined Molecular Targets: Cornerstone to Optimize Rational Vaccine Design
Thomas Ebensen and Carlos A. Guzmán
Vaccination remains the most valuable tool for preventing infectious diseases. However, the performance of many existing vaccines should be improved and there are diseases for which vaccines are still not available. The use of well‑defined antigens for the generation of subunit vaccines has le...
Imprinted Polymers in Capillary Electrophoresis and Capillary Electrochromatography
Alessandra Bossi, Pier Giorgio Righetti and Staffan Nilsson
The use of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) as sorbents in capillary electrophoresis (CE) and capillary electrochromatography (CEC) is an attractive way to combine the high selectivity offered by MIPs with the high separation efficiency (106 theoretical plates) and short time of analysis (a ...
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