Tissue Engineering
Chapters
« previous | page 2 of 5 pages | next »Bone Morphogenetic Proteins and Tissue Engineering of Bone
A. Hari Reddi
Tissue engineering is the emerging science of design and manufacture of tissues including bones and joints. The three key ingredients for both tissue engineering and morphogenesis are inductive morphogenetic signals responding stem cells and the assembly of extracellular matrix. The long-term goa...
Calcium Phosphate Bioceramics: An Alternative to Autograft and Allograft?
Guy Daculsi, Olivier Laboux and Pierre Weiss
Although bone tissue possesses the capacity for regenerative growth, the bone repair process is impaired in many clinical and pathological situations. For example massive bone loss caused by trauma and tumor resection as well as deformities require reconstructive surgery. In this context, there w...
Cell Encapsulation:Generalities, Methods, Applications and Bioartificial Pancreas Case Study
Gabriela Grigorescu and David Hunkeler
One of the most powerful group of chemicals in the body are organic compounds collectively referred to as hormones. The glands responsible for the production and release of hormones comprise the endocrine system. Endocrine activities have been identified in certain organs, such as the heart, kidn...
Cell-Extracellular Matrix Interactions Relevant to Vascular Tissue Engineering
Stephen P. Massia
The interaction between cells and extracellular surfaces plays a major role in determining cellular behavior in tissues and on biomaterials. These interactions modulate many aspects of cell behavior, including adhesion, spreading, migration, proliferation, differentiation, and metabolism...
Cellular Population of the Textured-Surface Left Ventricular Assist Devices Leads to Sustained Activation of a Procoagulant and Proinflammatory Systemic Response
Talia B. Spanier, Ann Marie Schmidt, Mehmet C. Oz
The use of LVAD technology has a potentially critical role in the management of patients with end-stage cardiac failure.1-6 The ability of this device to enhance left ventricular function as a bridge to transplantation or for longer periods is well established. However, as wit...
Chromosome Abnormalities in Spontaneous Abortions
Brynn Levy, Kurt Hirschhorn and Nataline Kardon
Most chromosome abnormalities lead to fetal loss, with the majority of losses occurring very early in gestation. The greater the size of the chromosomal aberration (imbalance), the earlier the fetus is expected to miscarry. There are only a few aneuploidies that survive to term. The most notab...
Circulating Stem Cells: A Fourth Source for the Endothelialization of Cardiovascular Implants
Willie R. Koen
An endothelialized blood-contacting surface remains the key to long term cardiovascular implants. The source for this endothelium could be either the intima of the adjacent artery or perigraft capillaries. Accordingly, the mode of endothelialization would either be thro...
Clinical Evaluation of BMPs and Bone Marrow Stromal Cells in Orthopedic Surgery
Didier Hannouche
The development of alternative techniques to treat long bone nonunions or for spinal fusion purposes offers outstanding perspectives for a large number of patients. Among the different approaches available, the use of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) and osteocompetent cells are certainly attra...
Clinical Experience with a Bioartificial Liver
Frederick D. Watanabe, Elaine Kahaku, Theodore Khalili, Paul Ting, Anthony, Anthony Navarro, Achilles A. Demetriou
In spite of substantial advances in general supportive therapy and critical care, mortality in fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) remains unacceptably high, due primarily to incomplete understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease.1 Despite this, clinicians have attempte...
Clinical Use of a Bioartificial Liver to Treat Acetaminophen-Induced Fulminant Hepatic Failure
Olivier Detry, Nikolaos Arkadopoulos, Elaine Kahaku, Frederick D. Watanabe, Jacek Rozga, Achilles A. Demetriou
Acetaminophen toxicity may cause massive hepatocellular necrosis leading to fulminant hepatic failure (FHF).1,2 In acetaminophen-induced FHF patients, prognosis can be accurately assessed using criteria defined by the King's College Hospital (KCH) group.3 Accordi...
Collagen Matrices Attenuate Fibroblast Response to TGF-b
Richard R. Clark, John M. McPherson
Following loss of soft tissue, fibroblasts proliferate and produce an initially loose-weave provisional matrix which is heavily vascularized and which contains fibronectin, hyaluronate, and relatively little collagen.1 Gradually this cell-rich granulation tissue becomes a p...
Covalent Grafting of RGD Peptides to Synthetic Surfaces
Nina M.K. Lamba, S.L. Cooper
Fabric materials were first used as vascular prostheses in the 1950s, when Voorhees et al implanted a polymeric vascular graft manufactured from vinyl chloride and acrylonitrile.1 Since then, a number of polymers have been used to fabricate vascular prostheses, and today, poly...
Cytomechanics in Connective Tissue Repair and Engineering
.jpg)
Robert A. Brown
Mechanical forces are central to the control of 3D spatial organisation in connective tissue remodelling, repair and scarring. How this operates is increasingly seen as the next major research focus in this area. In contrast to mechanics at the tissue-scale, cell-level mechanics (or cytomechanics) i...
Development of a Strategy for Management of Severe Acute Liver Failure: The Liver Support Unit
Achilles A. Demetriou, Frederick D. Watanabe
As we have repeatedly emphasized throughout this monograph, severe acute liver failure (SALF) is associated with very high morbidity and mortality and represents one of the most challenging problems in clinical medicine. Historically, when faced with complex clinical problems, the medica...
Encouraging Regeneration of Host Neurones: The Use of Peripheral Nerve Bridges, Glial Cells or Biomaterials
Antal Nógrádi
Recent results challenged the dogma that regeneration of CNS axons is impossible. These findings stimulated the interest of experimental neurobiologists and led to re- search that improved our understanding of the rules that control regeneration of structures in the mammalian spinal cord after ...
Encouraging Regeneration of Host Neurones: The Use of Peripheral Nerve Bridges, Glial Cells or Biomaterials
Antal Nogradi
Recent results challenged the dogma that regeneration of CNS axons is impossible. These findings stimulated the interest of experimental neurobiologists and led to research that improved our understanding of the rules that control regeneration of structures in the mammalian spinal cord after inju...
Encouraging Regeneration of Host Neurones: Transplantation of Neural Tissues into the Injured Spinal Cord Grafts of Embryonic Neural Tissue
Gerta Vrbová
Traumatic injury to the spinal cord causes disruption of the long descending and ascend- ing pathways, degeneration of neurones in the lesioned area and destruction of the intrinsic spinal connections. The natural history of spinal cord injury involves formation of a dense gliotic scar surround...
Endothelial Cells Transformed from Fibroblasts During Angiogenesis
Takashi Fujiwara, Kazunori Kon
Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, is of fundamental importance for several physiological and pathological processes. It occurs, as is well known, during organ development, wound healing and tumor growth.1-6 Endothelial cells of newly formed blood vessels are...
Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition of Mesothelial Cells as a Mechanism Responsible of Peritoneal Membrane Failure in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients
Abelardo Aguilera, Luiz S. Aroeira, Marta Ramírez-Huesca, José A. Jiménez-Heffernan, Rafael Selgas and Manuel López-Cabrera
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is an alternative to hemodialysis for the treatment of end-stage renal disease and is based on the use of the peritoneum as a semi-permeable membrane for water and solutes. Peritoneal membrane fibrosis (or sclerosis) is one of the most frequent complications of PD that inclu...
Evolution of Skeletal Stem Cell Biology
Sergei A. Kuznetsov and Pamela Gehron Robey
More than 30 years ago, Friedenstein demonstrated that in low-density marrow cell cultures, discrete colonies of adherent fibroblast-like cells are formed.20,22 Each colony was generated by proliferation of a single precursor cell20,12,47 referred to as a colony forming unit – fibroblast (CFU-F)....
Experimental Animal Models for Tissue-Engineered Bone Regeneration
Veronique Viateau and Genevieve Guillemin
Choosing an appropriate experimental model for the study of bone repair necessitates to clearly identify the problem to be solved in order to obtain the right answer to the right question. Animal tests constitute a step midway between in vitro studies and human clinical applications. Experimental...
Experimental Models to Study the Origin and Role of Myofibroblasts in Renal Fibrosis
Michael Zeisberg, Mary A. Soubasakos and Raghu Kalluri
Most of the present knowledge on the pathomechanism of renal fibrosis is based on experimental studies with laboratory animals. Today, a variety of genetic and inducible animal models that mimic primary causes of human disease, such as diabetes mellitus, glomerulonephritis or lupus erythematodes are...
Extracellular Matrix Effect on Endothelial Control of Smooth Muscle Cell Migration and Matrix Synthesis
Richard J. Powell
Intimal hyperplasia remains the most common cause of early failure following angioplasty and bypass surgery.1,2 Intimal hyperplasia is a particularly prevalent problem in small diameter synthetic grafts used for extremity bypasses performed to tibial and peroneal targets.
Extracellular Matrix Proteins Are Potent Agonists of Human Smooth Muscle Cell Migration
Terry L. Kaiura, K. Craig Kent
The current treatments of atherosclerotic occlusive disease are multiple and include by-pass, endarterectomy, and angioplasty. Unfortunately, the long term success of these interventions is significantly jeopardized by a process known as intimal hyperplasia.1,2 Tissue engin...
Fibroblast Growth Factors in Angiogenesis and Tissue Engineering
Karin A. Blumofe, Timothy J. Heilizer, Paula K. Shireman, Howard P. Greisler
The main treatment for arterial occlusive disease has become reconstruction. This involves utilizing a graft, either in the form of a vein or synthetic material. These treatments have been found to be limited in their long term therapeutic value due to stenosis formation, a process in...
« previous | page 2 of 5 pages | next »
