Atherosclerosis
Chapters
Antigen Recognition by gd T–Cells:
Ming K. Heng and Madalene C.Y. Heng
Activated T lymphocytes are an integral part of atherosclerotic plaques, and recent observations suggest that they play a role in the inflammatory response in atherogenesis (Gown et al 1986; Jonasson et al 1986; Emeson and Robertson, 1988; van der Wal et al 1989; Hansson and H...
Antigen Recognition by gd T–Cells:
Ming K. Heng and Madalene C.Y. Heng
Activated T lymphocytes are an integral part of atherosclerotic plaques, and recent observations suggest that they play a role in the inflammatory response in atherogenesis (Gown et al 1986; Jonasson et al 1986; Emeson and Robertson, 1988; van der Wal et al 1989; Hansson and H...
Basic Concepts in Atherogenesis, Immunology and Wound Repair
Ming K. Heng and Madalene C.Y. Heng
Although understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanismsof atherogenesis has greatly accelerated over the last decade, surprising modern concepts of its basic pathophysiology have existed for over a century. In the mid-nineteenth century, Virchow first postulated that atherosclero...
Cytokine Activated Target Cells in Atherogenesis: The Vascular
Ming K. Heng and Madalene C.Y. Heng
Proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells is an integral component of the thickened intima in atherosclerotic and restenotic arteries (Schwartz and Ross, 1984; Gordon et al, 1990; O'Brien et al, 1993). In the early phases of atherogenesis, intimal thickening occurs because of vascula...
Cytokine–Activated Target Cells in Atherogenesis: The Endothelial
Ming K. Heng and Madalene C.Y. Heng
Cell–mediated immunity involving activated lymphocytes and macrophages is believed to play a significant role in atherogenesis. A variety of cytokines secreted by both activated lymphocytes and macrophages, including IL–1 and TNF and IFNg, have been d...
Cytokines and Growth Factors in Receptor–Mediated Signaling
Ming K. Heng and Madalene C.Y. Heng
Smooth muscle cells constitute up to 60–80% of the cellular population within the arterial intima in atherosclerotic plaques and restenotic lesions (Schwartz and Reidy 1987; Khochi et al, 1987). Of these, a proportion of the intimal smooth muscle cells are composed of cells recently...
Evidence for Immune Involvement in Atherogenesis
Ming K. Heng and Madalene C.Y. Heng
Much of the evidence for the hypothesis that atherogenesis represents an inflammatory response to arterial injury was derived from pathologic and recently, immunohistochemical, studies. It has been known for many years from pathologic studies that the cellular infiltrate of these atheros...
Homing Mechanisms of Lymphocytes: Role of Adhesion Molecules and
Ming K. Heng and Madalene C.Y. Heng
The recruitment of activatedTlymphocytes in early lesions of atherosclerosis supports the concept that these cells are involved in atherogenesis (Tsukada et al, 1986; Munro et al 1987; Xu et al, 1990). Although the majority of recruited T lymphocytes are a/
Immune Mechanisms in Acute Coronary Ischemic Syndromes
Ming K. Heng and Madalene C.Y. Heng
In recent years, the concept that atherosclerosis has many patho–physiologic characteristics of a chronic inflammatory process has lead to a reappraisal of the mechanisms of the acute coronary ischemic syndromes. A particularly distinctive feature of the natural history of coronary ...
Mechanisms of T Lymphocyte Activation: Role in Atherogenesis
Ming K. Heng and Madalene C.Y. Heng
Activated T lymphocytes are believed to play regulatory roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Significant numbers of activated T lymphocytes, colocalized with macrophages, are present within atherosclerotic lesions (Jonasson et al 1986; van der Wal et al 1989; Hansson et al, 1988...
Mechanisms of T Lymphocyte Activation: Role in Atherogenesis
Ming K. Heng and Madalene C.Y. Heng
Activated T lymphocytes are believed to play regulatory roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Significant numbers of activated T lymphocytes, colocalized with macrophages, are present within atherosclerotic lesions (Jonasson et al 1986; van der Wal et al 1989; Hansson et al, 1988...
The Activated Macrophage: Role in Atherogenesis
Ming K. Heng and Madalene C.Y. Heng
Macrophages are found in lesions of atherosclerosis at all stages of lesion development, where they are best known for their ability to accumulate lipids, forming foam cells in atherosclerotic plaques. Since macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions are always found in association with T ly...
